1. Hmasawnna dinhmun .
European Federation of Printing and Paper Processing Machinery Manufacturers Association (Eumaprint) atanga statistics atanga a lan danin, khawvel pum huapa sum leh pai dinhmun tlahniam avang hian Germany, France, United States, Italy, leh Switzerland te bakah ram pasariha printing machinery leh hmanrua hralhna chu kum 2001 nen khaikhin chuan a tlahniam a, chu chu 13.08% a ni. Economic Prosperity Index thlirletna atang hian Europe, America, China, Russia, leh Japan te pawh huamin ram 11 zingah China leh Russia chauh an pung zel a, a bak zawng chu an tlahniam zel a ni. Chumi zingah chuan kum 2002-a Germany hralhna chu US dollar tluklehdingawn 6.8 vel a ni a, hei hi kum 2001-a a hralh aiin a tam zawk a ni. US-a hralh chhuah chu US dollar tluklehdingawn 2.27 vel a ni a, kum 2001 aiin 16% zetin a tlahniam a; Kum 2002-a UK-in a hralh chhuah chu kum 2001 aiin 24% zetin a tlahniam a, US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.064 vel a ni a; Italy hralhna hi 8% zetin a tlahniam a, US dollar maktaduai 763 vel a ni.
Kum 2001 khan printing machinery leh hmanrua kum khata output value-a ram 5-te chu: Germany-in US dollar tluklehdingawn 7.73, Japan-a US dollar tluklehdingawn 3.918, United States-ah US dollar tluklehdingawn 2.702, Britain US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.4, leh Italy 829 million US dollars. Kum 2001 khan printing machinery leh hmanrua thawnchhuahna ram 5 te chu: Germany chuan: Germany 6.325 billion US dollars, Japan 1.578 billion US dollars, United States chu US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.246, Italy US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.06, leh United Kingdom 940 million US dollars. Kum 2001-a printing machinery leh hmanrua lakluh zinga top paruk chu: United States-ah US dollar tluklehdingawn 2.2, China-ah US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.3, Germany-ah US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.228, Italy-ah US dollar maktaduai 922, United Kingdom-ah US dollar maktaduai 920, leh Japan-ah US dollar maktaduai 798 a ni. Kum 2002 khan China rama printing machinery market chu a ropui hle a. Printing machine leh hmanrua hralhna chu 13.8% zetin a pung a, hei hian khawvela printing leh hmanrua siamtute tan chuan a ngai ngei ang tih a ngai a ni-See.
